South Africa’s family law is on the brink of a major shake-up. Justice Minister Mmamoloko Kubayi will this year table the General Laws (Family Matters) Amendment Bill in Parliament — a move set to redefine how property and assets are divided when a marriage ends in divorce or death.
Source: Supplied. Grant Smee, chief executive officer of Only Realty Property Group.
The proposed changes aim to protect spouses whose contributions were non-financial but substantial, ensuring fairer settlements, even where antenuptial agreements exist. It’s a shift that could reshape the legal landscape for thousands of couples.
“This is one of the most substantial adjustments we’ve seen in matrimonial property law in some time,” says Grant Smee, chief executive officer of Only Realty Property Group.
Statistics South Africa reports that 130,806 civil marriages were registered in 2023. While the number is in decline, Smee notes that marriage remains a common institution in South Africa, with significant legal implications for property ownership.
Unpacking proposed legal reforms
Smee explains, “This Bill follows the 2023 Constitutional Court ruling that called for greater equity in divorce and estate matters. The amendment aims to protect spouses who could be left financially vulnerable after death or divorce by granting courts broader discretion in terms of fair asset redistribution.”
The proposed amendments will affect the Divorce Act, Matrimonial Property Act, and Mediation in Certain Divorce Matters Act, with the most notable proposed reforms including:
- Pre-1984 marriages (before the accrual system): Courts may now redistribute assets upon death or divorce.
- Post-1984 marriages without accrual: Even with an antenuptial contract excluding accrual, courts may intervene to redistribute assets if deemed just.
“This departs from the current norm, where a spouse typically walks away only with what’s legally theirs, regardless of their broader contributions to the marriage,” explains Smee. “Couples who are married or planning to marry should take note of how these legal updates could affect property ownership and estate planning.”
What the Bill means for property owners
Under this amendment, courts will consider non-financial contributions, such as homemaking, raising children or supporting a spouse’s career or business when it comes time to divide assets.
“Interestingly, this isn’t about defaulting to a 50/50 split; it’s about assessing whether one spouse enabled the other to grow wealth or acquire property before deciding what a fair outcome looks like.”
Smee says the reforms mean that spouses in no-accrual marriages will be able to apply to the divorce court for a redistribution of assets. “The court can then decide to transfer a portion of the spouse’s assets to the applicant if it finds she or he contributed towards the increase of the spouse’s estate – directly or indirectly.”
Factors that will determine asset distribution include the duration of the marriage, the couple’s arrangements and the extent of the applicant’s contribution.
Based on this, assets that may be subject to redistribution include:
- Primary or investment properties
- Real estate-linked business interests
- Property within a deceased spouse’s estate
Under the current law, surviving spouses in non-accrual marriages often have no claim to property unless specified in a will. The proposed changes would allow for court-ordered redistribution from the deceased’s estate, offering greater financial protection for the surviving spouse.
“This aims to prevent situations where an individual is left with nothing when a spouse dies, despite years of matrimonial support,” says Smee.
Practical tips for married and engaged couples
For married or engaged couples, especially those with shared property or long-term investments, Smee recommends seeking legal advice regarding the upcoming adjustments to the marital law.
He shares his top tips as follows:
Review or update your antenuptial contract: Antenuptial contracts remain valid, but courts may override them if they result in an unfair outcome. “Here, we strongly suggest drafting contracts with contingency clauses to account for future contributions and asset-division scenarios, and it’s strongly advised that you work with a legal team to make these adjustments.”
Explore postnuptial adjustments: Married couples can apply for a change in their matrimonial property regime under Section 21 of the Matrimonial Property Act. “This helps to align existing agreements to the new legal framework - particularly when it comes to property investments.”
Consider detailed contract planning: “If you’re going into a marriage and there are significant property assets involved, more consideration will need to be applied to ensure an equitable distribution.” He suggests couples consider the following:
- Clearly defining asset exclusions.
- Assessing whether the chosen regime still suits their needs.
- Ensuring estate plans and wills reflect the potential for court-ordered redistribution.
- Accounting for dependents to avoid unintended asset shifts.
Smee believes these changes reflect a more modern understanding of marriage dynamics: “It’s important to remember that contributions aren’t always financial. The law takes cognisance of the reality that sacrifices, including non-financial sacrifices made for the household, deserve recognition.
"These reforms aim to create a more balanced approach to property- and asset distribution.”
